{"id":224794,"date":"2020-07-22T14:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T18:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=224794"},"modified":"2020-07-22T14:48:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T18:48:17","slug":"from-the-thaw-to-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba-usa\/from-the-thaw-to-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"From the \u201cthaw\u201d to Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"

Help us keep OnCuba alive here<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

After 60 years of enmity, diplomatic and political fights, on July 20, 2015, Cuba and the United States reestablished their relations. A period of hope was beginning, but that time barely lasted two years. The coming to power of Donald Trump stopped the \u201cthaw\u201d and, with it, the perspectives of thousands of Cuban families, true protagonists of these times of more than half a century of disagreements between the two shores.<\/p>\n

These are some of their faces and stories compiled by EFE<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cI thought I could travel to Miami if my mother gets sick or dies\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Photographer Jos\u00e9 Alberto Figueroa, 74, during his interview with EFE on July 14, in Havana. Photo: Ernesto Mastrascusa\/EFE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cI was left alone at 20 in Cuba,\u201d says Jos\u00e9 Alberto Figueroa, photographer.<\/p>\n

His parents and siblings emigrated to the United States in the 1960s, but he stayed behind to pursue his passion, photography. He started as a disciple of renowned Alberto Korda and finally made a name for himself in the profession. For decades he communicated through letters and semi-clandestine calls with his mother and siblings.<\/p>\n

\u201cI was frowned upon. You were pointed out in the neighborhood\u2019s Committee for the Defense of the Revolution as an individual related to the United States, and therefore a person without political confidence.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 1991 he traveled to the neighboring country for the first time to reunite with his family, and in the following years he made several work-related visits. This connection was interrupted in the 2000s, when George W. Bush included Cuba in the famous \u201caxis of evil\u201d and imposed restrictions.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was a terrible until (Barack) Obama arrived. His triumph was a great change.\u201d In 2013, the United States extended the duration of non-immigrant visas for Cuban travelers from six months to five years, with the possibility of entering and leaving the country several times. He began traveling regularly to Miami, where his 94-year-old mother resides.<\/p>\n

The Trump administration withdrew the personnel from its embassy in Havana and in March 2019 eliminated the five-year multi-entry visa. Now entry is limited to one in three months and Cubans also have to go to a third country to request it, leaving thousands of families in the lurch. In the case of Figueroa, his visa expired in 2018 and he didn\u2019t have time to renew it.<\/p>\n

\u201cI thought that I could go if my mother ever gets sick or dies, that this aspect was resolved. I was unable to attend my father\u2019s or my brother\u2019s death (in the 1970s). Therefore, I said, I have that visa, I can go at any time, it\u2019s a 45-minute flight. But that ceased to exist.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve been left in limbo\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

After immigrating to the United States, Gretel Moreno, a 46-year-old accountant, applied for a visa to bring her brother, sister-in-law and niece there from Cuba, through the Cuban Family Reunification Parole Program (CFRP). The process began in 2016 but the program was suspended a year later by the current U.S. administration. Since then, her dream of reuniting her family has been left \u201cin limbo,\u201d a situation that extends to hundreds of families on both sides.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Gretel Moreno, accountant. Photo given to EFE for this article.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cMy case is one of the worst, it\u2019s an F4, because it\u2019s my brother and his family,\u201d says Moreno, who lives in Miami.<\/p>\n

This and many other procedures were paralyzed when the U.S. Embassy in Havana dismantled in 2017 almost all of its services on account of mysterious health problems suffered by its diplomats on the island, in which the Cuban government denies being involved.<\/p>\n

For Moreno, that matter is \u201ca pretext\u201d because on the U.S. border \u201ceven interviews with immigration judges who grant asylum through cameras have been implemented and that works.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the same, we made all the payments in 2016 for the family reunification program and everything has been left in limbo. Apparently they are going to keep that money,\u201d says Moreno, who paid about 1,000 dollars for paperwork to bring her family.<\/p>\n

According to this activist from the Cubanos Unidos por la Reunificaci\u00f3n Familiar platform, a group created in 2017 as a result of the consular lockdown and which already has 58,154 members throughout the United States, it\u2019s a \u201clegal government scam\u201d involving \u201chundreds of thousands of dollars,\u201d at the rate of 360 dollars for each family member claimed.<\/p>\n

\u201cCubans went from having many privileges to being the least privileged in the entire world because of the wait in Guyana,\u201d says Moreno, referring to the transfer to the U.S. embassy in that country of the processing of family reunification visas for Cubans.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s shameful that almost four years later there is no solution, it\u2019s a total lack of interest. The most important thing of all (for the Trump administration) is to bring down the (Cuban) dictatorship and that it finishes collapsing, and that it hopefully happens tomorrow, but that has led to the rest not mattering,\u201d the woman laments.<\/p>\n

Moreno has written to several instances without obtaining a response. \u201cI\u2019ve really lost hope, I realize that there is no interest in solving the problem,\u201d she concludes.<\/p>\n

\u201cI can\u2019t afford to buy food without remittances\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Isabel is just one of the tens of thousands of families that depend on remittances from the Cuban diaspora on the island. Photo: Ernesto Mastrascusa\/EFE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cJust imagine, things couldn\u2019t get even worse. I\u2019m diabetic and hypertensive and I need to eat every three hours, I need fresh fruit, milk, and I can\u2019t afford it, especially milk,\u201d says Isabel Salabarr\u00eda, an 80-year-old retiree.<\/p>\n

Isabel\u2019s already furrowed face contracts at the thought of what would happen if she couldn\u2019t receive the money her cousin sends her from Miami every month.<\/p>\n

Isabel is just one of the tens of thousands of families that depend on remittances from the Cuban diaspora on the island. Many could not survive only on meager state wages or pensions. Those remittances, the main unofficial foreign exchange inflow into Cuba, are also in the Trump administration\u2019s sights.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s her first cousin, also retired and an octogenarian, who sends her the money from Miami through Western Union. A hundred dollars \u201cand sometimes a few more pesitos\u201d mean for her the possibility of buying food that she could not afford if her only income was her state pension, which doesn\u2019t reach 300 Cuban pesos (about 12 dollars).<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen the Revolution triumphed, he got excited and left. Of the family only the two of us are left, we grew up together. He tells me to indulge and I buy grapes, but especially milk,\u201d says the woman. A liter of milk in Cuba costs two dollars, and the state only subsidizes milk for children until they turn seven.<\/p>\n

Isabel\u2019s relative says he doesn\u2019t believe the U.S. government will eliminate the remittances, but she\u2019s worried it will. \u201cThat man has no feelings and wants to do away with everything. Politics is a very dirty thing. What an ambition\u2026,\u201d the woman sighs as she nervously moves her interlaced fingers on her lap.<\/p>\n

The Havana Consulting analysis group, based in the United States, estimated the remittances sent to Cuba in cash in 2018 at 6.6 million dollars, with an average monthly amount of 180 to 220 dollars.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are forced to help because the situation is disastrous\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Like Isabel\u2019s cousin, Ernesto P\u00e9rez, a 40-year-old Amazon delivery man, doesn\u2019t miss going to the remittance house every month to send money to his two daughters in Cuba. \u201cThat I know of, it\u2019s still possible to send through Western Union, nothing has changed with the coronavirus,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe worst thing is the line my daughters\u2019 grandparents have to stand in in Cuba to collect the money; they may be in a line for hours, but in the end they get it. Last month they received 50 CUC (Cuban official currency equivalent to the dollar), but for this I had to deposit 61.50 dollars in Western Union,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ernesto P\u00e9rez is an Amazon delivery man. Photo: EFE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThe situation there continues being disastrous and from here we are forced to help our relatives, not only with money, but also, sometimes, with food and other necessary things,\u201d said P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n

This emigrant sends an average of about 100 dollars a month, although this year he also sent his family the necessary amount to buy a 600-dollar refrigerator. Many people on the island depend on dollars from abroad to buy household appliances, among other products.<\/p>\n

The multinational isn\u2019t the only way to send foreign currency to the other shore. P\u00e9rez explained that he also operates a \u201cdirect route\u201d through people who live in Miami, receive the dollars in hand and have mechanisms for the money to \u201cmaterialize\u201d on the island in CUC.<\/p>\n

According to unofficial sources, fear that U.S. government sanctions would force the closure of Western Union in Cuba while the island\u2019s borders continue closed due to the coronavirus, has caused Cuban-Americans to send their loved ones more money than usual in recent months.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat Cuba is no longer our Cuba\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gustavo de los Reyes, 74, a retired businessman, recalls with nostalgia: \u201cCuba was very nice, it was a kind of paradise.\u201d Shortly after the Revolution triumphed, in August 1959, he fled to the United States with his family because his father was imprisoned. At that moment he was 14.<\/p>\n

Six decades later, he has lost hope and the desire to return to his native country. His case illustrates that of the many Cubans (now elderly) who left to never return, or at least not while the Revolution is still in power.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve always wanted to go back and go with my daughter to show her our Cuba, but it\u2019s very sad to go now, a sacrifice. That Cuba is no longer our Cuba,\u201d he regrets.<\/p>\n

Gustavo affirms that \u201cin the 1950s the Cuban middle class reached an incredible level compared to the rest of Latin America in general and to Europe, including Spain\u201d, but \u201call of that was lost.\u201d<\/p>\n

After completing his studies in the U.S., he started business in the livestock industry in Venezuela, where he married twice and had a daughter. However, in more recent times he was forced to flee the country, which is why he considers himself a double victim of socialism. \u201cThe Cubans came to Venezuela, (Hugo) Ch\u00e1vez fell in love and became controlled by Fidel Castro. He made Venezuela a colony of Cuba and (Nicol\u00e1s) Maduro was trained for the same thing.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gustavo is very critical of the Obama administration\u2019s opening policy, considering that \u201cthere was a certain economic encouragement, but quickly everything went for the Castros and not for the people.\u201d That is why he is a follower of the hard line of Donald Trump, who ended his predecessor\u2019s thaw, strengthened the embargo and imposed new sanctions on Cuba.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s important to control the outflow of money, millions of dollars that are used to support the Castros. Now that Venezuela can no longer give them anything, they count on remittances from Cuban families and that is a very serious problem,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Even so, Trump\u2019s pressure seems insufficient: \u201cWe are keeping Cuba alive under Castro\u2019s authoritarianism,\u201d he protests.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m not going to depend on the president of another country and even less of the United States\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nelson Rodr\u00edguez, 40, a businessman, was one of the many Cubans who, after years of working abroad, returned to the island to open a business in the heat of the thaw. He opened El Cafe in the neighborhood of Old Havana in 2016.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was totally crazy. We started empty in April and in August we already had an incredible number of customers,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Photo: Ernesto Mastrascusa\/EFE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Famous for its sumptuous breakfasts, this caf\u00e9 received every day with brunch dozens of American tourists who recovered their energy after walking through the historic center all morning. The arrival of Donald Trump in 2017 and his administration\u2019s progressive sanctions on Cuba, including the restriction of entry of travelers and the prohibition of cruise trips, were a blow to his business.<\/p>\n

\u201cA decline in American customers was felt and has continued so far. Every year we see that less and less are coming.\u201d Nelson has just reopened his caf\u00e9 after the COVID-19 stoppage and little by little it\u2019s filling up with Cubans and foreigners residing in Cuba.<\/p>\n

When tourism returns to Havana, he hopes to attract more Europeans to make up for the almost total absence of the once ubiquitous Americans. Other Cuban entrepreneurs are confident that the situation will improve if Trump loses the presidential elections in November. Nelson isn\u2019t. \u201cNo matter who wins, I\u2019m not going to depend on the president of another country and even less of the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n

Text and interviews by Jorge Alberto P\u00e9rez Domingo in Miami and Atahualpa Amerise in Havana, for EFE.<\/p>\n

EFE\/OnCuba<\/em><\/p>\n

Help us keep OnCuba alive here<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Help us keep OnCuba alive here After 60 years of enmity, diplomatic and political fights, on July 20, 2015, Cuba and the United States reestablished their relations. A period of hope was beginning, but that time barely lasted two years. The coming to power of Donald Trump stopped the \u201cthaw\u201d and, with it, the perspectives […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3134,"featured_media":224797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13944],"tags":[14891,29122],"ppma_author":[33546,8689],"class_list":["post-224794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba-usa","tag-cuba-usa-relations","tag-remittances-to-cuba"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFrom the \u201cthaw\u201d to Trump | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Cuban family, on both sides of the Straits of Florida, gives voice and face to Cuba-U.S. relations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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