
{"id":247312,"date":"2021-12-23T10:15:05","date_gmt":"2021-12-23T15:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=247312"},"modified":"2021-12-23T10:15:05","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T15:15:05","slug":"the-cement-problem-and-the-housing-program-in-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/the-cement-problem-and-the-housing-program-in-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"The cement problem and the housing program in Cuba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Until mid-October, when he left his job as a mason at the new cement factory in Nuevitas, Omar had barely worked to cover his lodging expenses and accumulate a few hundred pesos a month. Between the intermittent input of materials and the mismatches in the pay scales, it had long been difficult for him to balance his accounts. So one day he decided to leave, as did many others before him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He now waits for the beginning of 2022 to join a construction brigade in C\u00e1rdenas, where according to what he has been assured, there is no shortage of work and the salary is several times higher than his last payroll. \u201cThat is a \u2018prioritized investment\u2019 only in name, every so often they had to ask us to stretch the materials to finish a work or they would delay the completion date again. These are situations that you cannot deal with if your salary is dependent on pay for results. To a relative who asked me about the factory, I told him: \u2018If you are going to go into a construction, don\u2019t wait for the Nuevitas cement, that is going to delay,\u2019\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first works in the Camag\u00fcey enclave date back to 2018, when the Cement Business Group <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/progresosemanal.us\/20180303\/cuba-invertira-fabricas-cemento\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">got the green light for a recovery program<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that hoped to replace the old 26 de Julio plant, along with those in Santiago de Cuba and Siguaney, with new industries. In a second moment, until 2025, the improvements would reach the rest of the cement enterprises on the island.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, the investment has not reached the Sancti Sp\u00edritus industry, which continues to <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.escambray.cu\/2021\/restablece-empresa-de-cemento-siguaney-produccion-de-cemento-gris\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">produce at rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that do not exceed a tenth of its design capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granma.cu\/cuba\/2021-12-04\/preven-recuperacion-de-la-industria-cementera-en-cuba-04-12-2021-00-12-05\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estimates by Minister of Construction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ren\u00e9 Mesa Villafa\u00f1a, the Cuban cement industry will close 2021 with its worst records in more than six decades. Its plan, which was 560,000 tons and already supposed a fall of almost 50% compared to the meager production of 2020, will be breached by at least 83,000 tons, according to the official. But as soon as next year a dramatic recovery could be expected.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"QkyHkdnv3h\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/cuba-registra-una-reduccion-interanual-del-26-en-viviendas-terminadas-durante-el-2020\/\">Cuba registra una reducci\u00f3n interanual del 26% en viviendas terminadas durante el 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00abCuba registra una reducci\u00f3n interanual del 26% en viviendas terminadas durante el 2020\u00bb \u2014 OnCubaNews\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/cuba-registra-una-reduccion-interanual-del-26-en-viviendas-terminadas-durante-el-2020\/embed\/#?secret=qfRZ2yD3i4#?secret=QkyHkdnv3h\" data-secret=\"QkyHkdnv3h\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than 1.4 million tons of cement could leave the Cuban kilns during the next year, taking advantage of the complete synchronization of the new Santiago de Cuba plant and the first deliveries of the one located in Nuevitas (which is expected to regularize its activity in the first quarter of 2023). True to the spirit of the times, Mesa Villafa\u00f1a ventured that up to 150,000 tons of cement would be marketed in freely convertible currency to individuals and new forms of non-state management, and that \u201cafter we cover the entire domestic market, the country would begin exporting.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His confidence is out of step with the continuous calls of Commander of the Revolution Ramiro Vald\u00e9s Men\u00e9ndez to use technologies that \u201csave energy carriers.\u201d In November, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/camaguey.gob.cu\/es\/actualidad\/9404-supervisa-ramiro-valdes-avances-del-proceso-inversionista-en-fabrica-de-cemento-en-nuevitas-camagueey\/amp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">during a visit to the Nuevitas cement factory<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Vald\u00e9s Men\u00e9ndez called for \u201ctaking advantage of clay to make more bricks rather than blocks [and] use brick vaults, which allow progress in the construction of houses that are still waiting for closure.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Statistics on cement in Cuba were in the red since before the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/coronavirus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Between 2015 and 2019, the island remained among the three Latin American countries with the lowest per capita consumption of this construction material (its 132 kilograms per year represented less than half the regional average, which is 272 kg per inhabitant). The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ficem.org\/uso-estadisticas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reports of the Inter-American Cement Federation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also detail how the drop in production could not be offset by purchases abroad, unlike what neighboring states did. Considering what happened during the last two years, the calls for saving by Ramiro Vald\u00e9s seem more acceptable than the optimism of the minister of construction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>A pause<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidencia.gob.cu\/es\/noticias\/la-politica-de-la-vivienda-proyecta-solucion-integral-a-problema-sensible-y-priorizado-por-el-gobierno\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">December 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Mesa Villafa\u00f1a assured the National Assembly of People\u2019s Power that in a decade it would be possible to solve the housing problem in Cuba. Achieving it depended on 527,575 buildings being built and 402,120 rehabilitated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.scribd.com\/document\/447004076\/POLITICA-GENERAL-DE-LA-VIVIENDA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Housing Policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Cuba, presented by the agency in charge, details in 47 pages even the technologies to be used by each territory and the investments that must be made in the industries that contribute to the sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a housing deficit of around 930,000 homes, and with 1.490 million in fair or poor condition (39% of the housing fund), the Ministry of Construction stated that the bulk of the actions should be borne by the population, under the modality of their own effort. Only in Havana and Santiago de Cuba will \u201cstate intervention be greater due to the complexities of these territories,\u201d the general director of Housing, Vivian Rodr\u00edguez Salazar, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2020\/04\/28\/sequia-construccion-y-vivienda-en-tiempos-de-covid-19-video\/#.XsKVhJ_B-yU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0explained in May 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZMtyygY0Ye\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/el-muro-y-el-estruendo\/\">El muro y el estruendo<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00abEl muro y el estruendo\u00bb \u2014 OnCubaNews\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/el-muro-y-el-estruendo\/embed\/#?secret=xNCLxoCXQg#?secret=ZMtyygY0Ye\" data-secret=\"ZMtyygY0Ye\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plans would not stop even in the face of the health contingency, said the official. \u201cUntil the end of the first quarter, we delivered 9,558 homes&#8230;. We had not achieved results like that in the last five years,\u201d she said at the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During 2020 the Policy planned to conclude 41,000 new homes, and in 2021 the goal rose to 43,600. They were the first steps of a process that should lead towards the end of the decade to plans, when the 65,000 dwellings per year would be exceeded, following a trend that was shaping up to be difficult to meet even in the most favorable scenarios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In short, at the end of 2020 the island was able to add just 32,874 homes to its housing fund. Compared to the current year, although statistics have not yet been published, all perspectives point to significantly more discreet results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThere are many masons unemployed due to lack of materials, not only individuals but also a few of those who work with the State,\u201d Omar said. The crisis reaches all aspects of the sector. An acquaintance of his, owner of a tractor and a cart that he used to transport materials, decided to sell them and go to Russia as a mule; \u201cand he has not been the only one,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The contraction of the cement industry has been accompanied by similar or even more pronounced decreases in other branches. The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onei.gob.cu\/node\/16275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Office of Statistics and Information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> records how the production of rebar fell by 48% between 2017 and 2020, that of aluminum windows and doors by 53% as of 2016, and that of precast concrete (those used in the construction of buildings) 67% as of its best record of the five-year period, in 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ofelia Rivero, a Camag\u00fcey resident recipient of a subsidy does not need a report to know how radical the collapse has been. For two years she has been waiting for a part of the floor and the doors and windows of her house, which is almost finished. \u201cAnd I can count myself lucky. Of the group of subsidies that were approved with mine, back in 2017, there are several people who have not been able to go beyond the foundations or the first walls. An acquaintance was sold the bricks for her \u2018basic cell,\u2019 but without cement. How do you build a house with only bricks?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than 1,400,000 tons of cement should be used next year to build homes in Cuba. This is how the Policy states it\u2026, that when addressing the recovery program of that industry, the amount of investments to be made by the government in the country\u2019s six plants was estimated at 744 million dollars. \u201cThe demand for resources requires an increase and efficient use in the current productions of the national industry, with the expansion of productive capacities,\u201d the text stated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The situation and the pandemic made it necessary to rethink priorities, delaying many of those projections. And although the official discourse continues to bet on more or less possible initiatives due to the lack of materials, the truth is that these are not times of great works. Not even in the cement plants, which were to support the housing program and today barely manage to face their own reconstructions.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Cuban cement industry will close 2021 with its worst records in more than six decades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":247316,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[20579],"ppma_author":[34368],"class_list":["post-247312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-housing-in-cuba"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The cement problem and the housing program in Cuba | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Cuban cement industry will 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