{"id":254513,"date":"2022-06-23T15:25:05","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T19:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=254513"},"modified":"2022-06-23T15:25:05","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T19:25:05","slug":"cuban-bioproducts-the-invisible-thread-of-unclosed-cycles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/cuban-bioproducts-the-invisible-thread-of-unclosed-cycles\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuban bioproducts: the invisible thread of unclosed cycles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fertilizer deficit suffered by Cuban agriculture is critical. The country, which in 2017 consumed around half a million tons (t) of fertilizers for a rate of 90 kilograms per hectare (kgs\/ha), in 2021 \u2014 with imports and domestic production \u2014 only reached a very modest 8 kg\/ha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National production does not cover the demand for fertilizers. The island has traditionally produced chemical fertilizers, but the accumulation of financial difficulties to import raw materials, and the questionable management of its own resources, has resulted in a decrease in national production levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic shortages and the drop in national imports, also for financial reasons, have complicated the scenario for Cuban agriculture.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Zklmsz5TMR\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/opinion\/columns\/counterbalance\/lets-talk-about-agriculture\/\">Let\u2019s talk about agriculture<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Let\u2019s talk about agriculture&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/opinion\/columns\/counterbalance\/lets-talk-about-agriculture\/embed\/#?secret=rhrOkSphNy#?secret=Zklmsz5TMR\" data-secret=\"Zklmsz5TMR\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the insoluble lack of chemical fertilizers, the country has directed efforts and money to mitigate the demand for nutrients of many of its crops with the production of natural bioproducts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An attempt not \u201cto substitute fertilizers,\u201d as Master in Sciences Dagoberto Rodr\u00edguez Lozano, director of Soils and Fertilizers of the Ministry of Agriculture, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.acn.cu\/economia\/92695-ante-deficit-de-fertilizantes-agricultura-cubana-fomenta-bioproductos-naturales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>acknowledged<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the Agencia Cubana de Noticias (ACN) news agency, \u201cbut to nourish the plantations as much as possible.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well, agricultural yields also face soil degradation. Cuba has an area of \u200b\u200b11 million hectares, and of these, 6.4 million are for agricultural use. But, as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidencia.gob.cu\/es\/noticias\/que-los-saberes-se-integren-y-se-conviertan-en-bienestar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>was warned<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Doctor of Science Luis G\u00f3mez Jorr\u00edn, head of the Soil Institute, 70 percent of arable land is affected by at least one limitation to produce, such as erosion, low fertility, low content of organic matter, compaction, or salinity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this sense, the alternative of biofertilizers is not only an option due to the lack of the necessary chemical products. It is also a vital bet for the efficient management of our very battered soils.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In pursuit of the increase in the production of bioproducts, an ambitious program assumed by Labiofam includes the installation of three industrial complexes in Havana, Granma and Villa Clara, with the purpose of reviving and strengthening agricultural activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total cost of the investment exceeds 80 million dollars. But, although they have been working on them for almost a decade, the results are still pending.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What has happened to Villa Clara\u2019s industry?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2013, the construction of the Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Plant began on the outskirts of the city of Santa Clara. Scheduled to begin production in 2016, it is not yet in operation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The initial investment in this plant was 29 million pesos, which over the years became 60 million.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on the exclusive processing of Cuban raw material, the plant could contribute annually about 1,000 tons of BioRat \u2014 a poison to eliminate rodents and pests \u2014 and 6 million liters of biofertilizers and biopesticides, worth more than 80 million pesos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Santa Clara factory had to supply these products to the entire central region of the country; it would benefit some 600,000 hectares of crops and would allocate a part for export to the Latin American and Caribbean market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By way of imports, it would save the country the purchase of fertilizers such as urea, with a cost in the international market that ranges between 800 and 1,000 dollars per ton, not including transportation costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the planned start-up date was the already distant year 2016, according to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.juventudrebelde.cu\/cuba\/2017-04-26\/incrementaran-biofertilizantes-y-bioplaguicidas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>report<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0by <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juventud Rebelde<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in 2017 work was still underway on the assembly of the energy block, the foundation of the production block and that of the rice silos, among other works.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2019, according to information <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardia.cu\/villa-clara\/13270-avanza-ejecucion-de-planta-de-biofertilizantes-y-bioplaguicidas-en-santa-clara\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>recorded<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0by the Villa Clara provincial weekly <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vanguardia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, brigades from the territory\u2019s Construction and Assembly Enterprises were working on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, and even on part of the equipment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later, in October 2020, when Cuban President Miguel D\u00edaz-Canel Berm\u00fadez, together with the Council of Ministers, arrived on a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cubahora.cu\/especiales\/la-noble-tarea-de-gobernar-cuba\/noticias\/villa-clara-estimula-la-produccion-y-los-servicios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>government visit<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the province, clear numbers were revealed: the industrial assembly of the work was at 51%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still in June 2021, when Vice President Salvador Vald\u00e9s Mesa <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardia.cu\/villa-clara\/20192-avanza-la-planta-de-biofertilizantes-y-bioplaguicidas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>included<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0the project in his work tour of the province, the factory was 85% complete in civil construction and 53% in the installation of essential systems such as condensation, fermentation and water treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, at the end of last year, the civil completion of the work <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardia.cu\/villa-clara\/21411-chequea-vicepresidente-cubano-proceso-inversionista-en-planta-de-biofertilizantes-y-bioplaguicidas-de-villa-clara#:~:text=Con%20pron%C3%B3sticos%20de%20arrancada%20para,futuro%20extender%20ofertas%20en%20exportaciones.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>was at<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 86% and the industrial phase had reached a modest 57%. The opening date that is currently handled, with a minimum of conditions, is the last quarter of 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Havana and Granma plants also pending<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As in the factory located in the central region of the island, work has been underway in recent years on the installation of this type of industry in Havana and Granma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All with modern technology from China and from other countries, such as Canada, and with laudable prospects, not only economic, but also for the care of the environment and the country\u2019s progress towards a more ecological agriculture, according to what engineer Teobaldo Cruz M\u00e9ndez, principal investment specialist of the Labiofam Higher Organization of Business Management, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granma.cu\/cuba\/2021-01-25\/inversiones-para-multiplicar-hasta-ocho-veces-la-obtencion-de-bioproductos-en-cuba-25-01-2021-22-01-00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>told<\/b><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Granma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> newspaper\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But also in all cases, with a fate marked by problems common to the country\u2019s investment processes: recurring financial difficulties, delays in importing equipment and irregularities in planning and contracting, among others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The capital\u2019s plant, conceived as an industrial complex, since 2015 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granma.cu\/cuba\/2021-01-25\/inversiones-para-multiplicar-hasta-ocho-veces-la-obtencion-de-bioproductos-en-cuba-25-01-2021-22-01-00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>made<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0the investment to assume the manufacture of bioproducts to supply the west of the country. More than five years later, in 2021, the work was at 88.1% of the industrial assembly and 99% completion of the civil structure, lacking three fundamental systems for completion: the general power distribution plant, the waste treatment plant and the firefighting systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its nominal capacity of 5,800,000 liters of fermented mix, representing 3,800,000 liters of finished products, from Bactivec, Griselesf and 12 other assortments of bioproducts, was still untapped.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same has happened with the Granma industry. It <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.trabajadores.cu\/20170127\/articulacion-nueva-planta-bioproductos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>is being built<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the city of Bayamo since 2017 and is recognized as the most backward in the entire program. Its close to 27-million-peso investment, and the completion plans within a maximum period of three years remain on hold. Their contributions to agricultural activity in the east of the country and to exports have also been suspended.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certainly, these new plants are not the only ones of their kind on the island. Four facilities have been operating since the 1990s in the municipalities of G\u00fcira de Melena, G\u00fcines, Matanzas and Sancti Sp\u00edritus. Annual production in Cuba amounts to 1,180 t of biofertilizers and 1,200 t of biopesticides, which cover about 26% of the total demand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the total production of the three factories still to be completed should multiply up to eight times the obtaining of biofertilizers, biostimulants and biopesticides and cover almost all the domestic demand; with the production, among other products, of Biobras 16, a biostimulant for crops, which just in rice can increase its yield by up to 25%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practical terms, Cuba could assist almost one and a half million hectares of land with these additional productions. The country would reduce a considerable number of its imports of chemical products and could begin to make its way in the international market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the new facilities do not startup. Meanwhile, the future of agricultural results and of food on the table in Cuba continues to hang on the invisible thread of unfinished cycles and unmet goals.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Given the insoluble lack of chemical fertilizers, the country has directed efforts and money to mitigate the demand for nutrients of many of its crops with the production of natural bioproducts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12345738,"featured_media":254515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[14996],"ppma_author":[34524],"class_list":["post-254513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-agriculture-in-cuba"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cuban 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