
{"id":257236,"date":"2022-09-01T14:14:43","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T18:14:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=257236"},"modified":"2022-09-01T14:14:43","modified_gmt":"2022-09-01T18:14:43","slug":"some-background-info-to-understand-the-protests-in-nuevitas-and-other-municipalities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/some-background-info-to-understand-the-protests-in-nuevitas-and-other-municipalities\/","title":{"rendered":"Some background info to understand the protests in Nuevitas (and other municipalities)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Long before reaching Nuevitas, the chimney of the Diez de Octubre thermoelectric plant tells the traveler the exact location of the city. On clear days when the plant works at full capacity, its smoke is visible from more than 30 kilometers away, as a representation of the industrious spirit that in other times animated this population in the northeast of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/camaguey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Camag\u00fcey<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A single one of the Diez de Octubre units could largely cover the 16 megawatts\/hour of electricity that Nuevitas requires at its consumption peaks. The hundreds of workers at the plant and their families know it, and practically every last Nuevitas resident. However, since April \u2014 at the beginning of the current electricity crisis \u2014 until mid-July, Nuevitas and the rest of the Camag\u00fcey municipalities had their blackouts scheduled between 5:00 in the afternoon and 5:00 in the morning. On the opposite schedule, the power cuts corresponded to the main city.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this two-block scheme, the province aimed to cut its consumption in half, from 150 to 75 megawatts\/hour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe twelve hours of blackout were not always met, especially on weekends, but 8 or 10 hours without power are enough to do away with any family plans. Much more so if they are in the afternoon and at night,\u201d a Nuevitas resident in the \u201cmicros\u201d (microdistricts), the district of buildings that went up in the 1980s to house industrial and port workers, told me. Many of her neighbors have spent months alternating the torrid nights without electricity with the demanding work shifts at the \u201cthermo.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trying to respond to popular dissent, in July the Camag\u00fcey electricity enterprise implemented a new <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/blackouts-in-cuba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>blackout<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> schedule, with two six-hour blackouts for the main city (between 5:00 and 11:00 a.m., and 5:00 and 11:00 p.m.) and the municipalities (from 11:00 to 5:00 at both times). The 12 hours of daily disconnections for each block should be enough to continue halving the province\u2019s electricity consumption and for night blackouts not to occur only in the municipalities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But even that schedule has been difficult to meet due to the constant \u201cdeficits in generation capacity\u201d on the island. These deficits have almost always been covered with \u201cunscheduled interruptions\u201d in the municipalities, at least in the case of Camag\u00fcey.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6hv1BHIyMs\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/electric-system-in-cuba-complications-at-least-until-december-2022\/\">Electric system in Cuba. Complications at least until December 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Electric system in Cuba. Complications at least until December 2022&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/electric-system-in-cuba-complications-at-least-until-december-2022\/embed\/#?secret=HwvP7bGDqm#?secret=6hv1BHIyMs\" data-secret=\"6hv1BHIyMs\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>Different neighborhoods and realities<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The city of Nuevitas can be divided into four fundamental sections: the \u201cmicros,\u201d the historic center, Tarafa \u2014 a neighboring town that urban growth has turned into a district \u2014, and outlying neighborhoods such as Pastelillo, Los Filtros and Santa Rita. Most of the industrial and port workers live in the first three zones, while the popular neighborhoods concentrate employees with less qualification level, informal workers, recent emigrants from the eastern provinces and fishers (the latter, especially in Santa Rita).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This socioeconomic geography influenced the nature of the protests that took place in the municipality and that quickly went viral on the networks: on Thursday, August 18, the demonstration began in Pastelillo and then went through several streets of the historic center, adding hundreds of people before reaching the municipal headquarters of the Communist Party and the electricity enterprise; the following night, the second attempt of protesting also had Pastelillo as its point of origin, but as it was contained by the police and did not go beyond the borders of the district, it did not \u201ctake hold\u201d in the rest of the city. Since then, local daily life has only been altered by the occasional arrests of protagonists of the marches, practically all of whom are residents of Pastelillo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not that the reasons for nonconformity are lacking in the rest of Nuevitas. Its historic center is the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granma.cu\/cuba\/2018-04-09\/nuevitas-y-su-renacer-constructivo-09-04-2018-20-04-40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>area with the greatest constructive deterioration<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Camag\u00fcey \u2014 the province with the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.micons.gob.cu\/sites\/default\/files\/MICONS\/Marco%20Normativo\/POLITICA%20GENERAL%20DE%20LA%20VIVIENDA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>worst housing situation in the country \u2014<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and in the \u201cmicros\u201d most of the buildings show the effects of decades without adequate maintenance. For a long time Tarafa has not been the port through which a million tons of merchandise arrived on transit each year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Pastelillo is a singular case. The neighborhood, one of the oldest in the city, is not what one would commonly describe as \u201cmarginal.\u201d In 2018, when it was decided to build 50 houses of the Petro program in Nuevitas, it was there that the new settlement was built. The physiognomy of Pastelillo is disparate: in the streets near the railway bridge, urbanization is more complete, both in housing and in public infrastructure; other streets in the district, meanwhile, have never been paved and among their houses those made of wood, tin and various recycled materials predominate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three kilometers from the historic center of Nuevitas, and not far from Pastelillo, the 26 de Julio cement factory operated for almost 50 years. At that time, millions of tons of cement came out of its furnaces with which innumerable works were built in Camag\u00fcey, Ciego de \u00c1vila and the eastern provinces. And in Nuevitas the \u201cmicros,\u201d the industries and the hospital emerged. But it was not possible to prevent the deterioration of the historic center of the city, nor that housing cease to be one of the most difficult problems to solve for the average family. Next to Salvador Cisneros Park \u2013 which practically no Nuevitas resident knows under any name other than \u201ccannon park\u201d \u2013 the old ruined town hall is the most visible testimony of how much remains to be rescued in the city. The plans for its reconstruction were postponed again and again, even when the 26 de Julio factory was still operating and it was common for its mills <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.juventudrebelde.cu\/cuba\/2010-03-13\/tiempo-perdido-hasta-el-cemento-lo-llora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>to be shut down due to excess production<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without marketing.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2lOcba6kwG\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/the-cement-problem-and-the-housing-program-in-cuba\/\">The cement problem and the housing program in Cuba<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The cement problem and the housing program in Cuba&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/the-cement-problem-and-the-housing-program-in-cuba\/embed\/#?secret=d7pk41Dqrv#?secret=2lOcba6kwG\" data-secret=\"2lOcba6kwG\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Along with electricity and cement, liquefied gas is another of the resources that Nuevitas has been managing for years without major benefits for its population. The Pastelillo fuel terminal \u2014 with the same name as the district but located several kilometers away \u2014 is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granma.cu\/cuba\/2016-09-30\/la-ruta-del-petroleo-en-cuba-primera-parte-30-09-2016-13-09-41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>one of the most important<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the country. All the oil and its derivatives corresponding to Camag\u00fcey and Las Tunas pass through there, including the liquefied gas sold freely in both provinces&#8217; capitals. But in Nuevitas, not even the terminal workers themselves have that service.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe issue of cooking food is one of the ones that generates the most complaints, and it was one of those that was considered when preparing the new blackout schedule. Objectively, it is very difficult for the population in the municipalities,\u201d acknowledged a provincial government official consulted on condition of anonymity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cubadebate.cu\/noticias\/2013\/12\/12\/venta-liberada-de-gas-licuado-nueva-alternativa-economica\/amp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>2013<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.invasor.cu\/es\/secciones\/sociedad\/paralizada-contratacion-para-gas-licuado-liberado\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>2019<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Cuba Petr\u00f3leo (Cupet) oil enterprise authorized the signing of contracts for the sale of liquefied gas to consumers in Havana and the provincial capitals. The program would then be extended to the municipalities, starting with 50 throughout the country as of 2018, as Cupet\u2019s then director of marketing, Riyaguel Capote Rodr\u00edguez, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.5septiembre.cu\/cupet-no-se-va-quedar-nadie-fuera\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>told<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cinco de Septiembre<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> newspaper. However, many inhabitants of those territories had already anticipated the measure, requesting the service through family and friends.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Camag\u00fcey, where for each ration book one could open two contracts for two liquefied gas cylinders each, thousands of residents of Vertientes, Florida and other residents of the Camag\u00fcey hinterland benefited from this kind of legal vacuum. Having to travel to the city to refill the cylinders is still considered a minor inconvenience compared to the benefit of having an alternative energy source to electricity. Whatever the case, it is not the same to carry out this transfer from nearby towns than from Nuevitas, one of the municipalities located more than 70 kilometers from the capital of Camag\u00fcey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Will autonomy bring prosperity?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The \u201cConstitution does not establish what, or of what type, the powers will be (although it could have clearly defined them); however, the very recognition of the principle of autonomy continues to be transcendental, insofar as it becomes the basis for calling for its subsequent regulation, with the obligation that emanates from the supreme regulation of the State.\u201d This is how professors Lissette P\u00e9rez Hern\u00e1ndez and Orestes D\u00edaz Leg\u00f3n, from the University of Havana, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/scielo.sld.cu\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-92762020000100257\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>reflected<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2020. The Magna Carta promulgated a year earlier had retaken the principle of municipal self-government, which the 1940 Constitution proposed, but never fulfilled.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"xC8izqaNte\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/society-cuba\/politics-in-cuba\/the-local-is-immense-constitutional-proposal-on-the-municipality\/\">The local is immense. Constitutional proposal on the municipality<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The local is immense. Constitutional proposal on the municipality&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/society-cuba\/politics-in-cuba\/the-local-is-immense-constitutional-proposal-on-the-municipality\/embed\/#?secret=McbyNH6vBw#?secret=xC8izqaNte\" data-secret=\"xC8izqaNte\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eight decades later, the possibility of concretizing a decentralized public management model continues to depend on the extent to which the national administration, and to a lesser extent the provincial ones, agree to transfer powers and resources to the municipalities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Official statistics suffice to verify the asymmetry between one government instance and another. Following a historical trend, during the last decade <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onei.gob.cu\/node\/14246\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Havana concentrated<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 on average \u2014 55% of the investments carried out in Cuba; of the remaining funds, up to two-thirds went to improvements in provincial capitals. This can be verified in the yearbooks of territories with different social and economic characteristics, such as <\/span>Sancti Sp\u00edritus<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onei.gob.cu\/mapa\/provincia\/camaguey?q=mapa\/provincia\/camaguey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Camag\u00fcey<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Not even in <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onei.gob.cu\/mapa\/provincia\/camaguey?q=mapa\/provincia\/holguin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Holgu\u00edn<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where the East-West transfer concentrated more than a third of provincial investments in Mayar\u00ed, did the capital of the municipality not receive a substantial amount of funds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subject to this double postponement, the \u201cnon-capital\u201d municipalities must also deal with the fact that most of their economic entities are subordinated to addresses located in Havana or the main cities, with all the difficulties that this circumstance implies. An institutional change that does not achieve such an order of things will not be effective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cNuevitas is a city without power, having the \u2018thermos\u2019; without cement, having the factory; and without cooking gas, having the Pastelillo fuel terminal. It is true that these are industries of national subordination, but one would like at least some of their benefits to stay here,\u201d lamented the \u201cmicros\u201d neighbor from Nuevitas, consulted for this work. It\u2019s not an unusual feeling in towns like hers.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cNuevitas is a city without power, with a thermoelectric plant; without cement, having the factory; and without cooking gas, having the Pastelillo fuel terminal.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":257238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[23569,4265,33441],"ppma_author":[34368],"class_list":["post-257236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-blackouts-in-cuba","tag-camaguey-en","tag-protests-in-cuba"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Some background info to understand the protests in Nuevitas (and other municipalities) | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cNuevitas is a city without power, with a thermoelectric plant; 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