{"id":260210,"date":"2022-11-11T17:31:17","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T22:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=260210"},"modified":"2022-11-11T17:31:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T22:31:17","slug":"cuba-returns-to-an-infant-mortality-of-the-last-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/cuba-returns-to-an-infant-mortality-of-the-last-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba returns to an infant mortality of the last century"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 2021, Cuba registered<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0an infant mortality rate of 7.6 per 1,000 live births. This rate reversed the results below 5 achieved by the country for more than a decade. It also put an end to a downward trend maintained for more than twenty years. In 2022 the numbers are not encouraging. After the first 10 months of the year, the country registered a rate of 7.4. The information was offered<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by Dr. Tania Margarita Cruz, first deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP), at the end of the first half of October. The results of this indicator in the last two years imply a rollback of almost three decades.<\/p>\n

Looking back: the numbers<\/h4>\n

The most recent numbers are only comparable with those of 1996, when the island posted a slightly higher figure: 7.9. Since 2000, rates above 7 have not been quantified in Cuba.<\/p>\n

The most elementary calculations show that the indicators for the previous year \u2014 and those reported until October of the current year \u2014 almost double the lowest figures reached just five years ago, in 2017, when this parameter set a historical record of 4.0. A record that, moreover, that was managed to be kept in 2018.<\/p>\n

In terms of statistics, 2021 was the great turning point. However, the deterioration of good practices in maternal and child care in all the Cuban provinces began immediately after its historical records.<\/p>\n

Before the arrival of the pandemic<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u2014 pointed out by experts as the main cause of the increase in numbers \u2014 in 2019 the country rose to 5.0.<\/p>\n

Evidence of this is the behavior of the parameter in provinces that in 2017 showed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0rates even lower than 4.0 \u2014 the country\u2019s general average \u2014 such as Sancti Sp\u00edritus (2.0), Pinar del R\u00edo (2.1), Camag\u00fcey (3.0 ), Holgu\u00edn (3.3) and Ciego de \u00c1vila (3.8). In 2019 all these territories quantified<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0higher numbers. Most of the rest of the country suffered the same fate.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Source: Cuban National Office of Statistics and Information (ONEI).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

*Caption:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

19.21 \u2013 Infant mortality rates by province<\/em><\/p>\n

CUBA\/PROVINCES<\/em><\/p>\n

Havana<\/em><\/p>\n

Undoubtedly, the impact of the pandemic in 2021 radicalized the trend in the increase of infant mortality. The territories with the best statistics in 2017 illustrate this: Sancti Sp\u00edritus, Camag\u00fcey and Holgu\u00edn doubled their statistics then, while Pinar del R\u00edo (9.6) and Ciego de \u00c1vila (13.6) multiplied them almost four times.<\/p>\n

Given the direct effects on the health of pregnant women and the context of tension in which the country\u2019s health system was submerged, the efforts and resources were not sufficient to contain the growth in the figures. However, just two months before closing 2022, the island maintains a high indicator. This occurs despite the fact that Sars-Cov-2 has been contained with mass vaccination.<\/p>\n

Cases and things of the upward trend<\/h4>\n

The fact that the rise in the Infant Mortality (IM) figures has not managed to change significantly so far in 2022 shows that the recovery of better numbers in the maternal infant health program (MIHP) depends on the solution of other causes not so new; some of them particularly aggravated.<\/p>\n

This was verified in Dr. Tania Margarita Cruz\u2019s most recent information when she pointed out among the main \u201cproblems related to the results of the program\u201d that have been identified throughout the national territory this year, the \u201cincomplete payrolls of cadres and officials involved in maternal and child care.<\/p>\n

In the words of the deputy minister, this lack prevents the achievement of \u201cthe necessary effectiveness in the control and supervision actions that correspond to the cadres.\u201d In particular, the systematic supervision and control actions of hygienic-sanitary conditions in hospital services. Without such control, \u201cprocedural violations are committed in some of the country\u2019s institutions\u201d which, according<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0to Minister of Public Health Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Portal Miranda, gives rise to the appearance of \u201cacquired sepsis,\u201d one of \u201cthe main causes of death\u201d both infant and maternal.<\/p>\n

At the end of October 2022, according to the deputy minister, \u201cincomplete payrolls\u201d were reported in Pinar del R\u00edo, Ciego de \u00c1vila, Camag\u00fcey, Guant\u00e1namo, Santiago, Granma, Mayabeque, Villa Clara and Havana, nine of the country\u2019s 15 provinces.<\/p>\n

Nor does the constructive situation of the delivery and cesarean section rooms and other hospital structures help. The deterioration and overexploitation of health facilities, added to the lack of resources for their restoration, are factors that favor the appearance of infections acquired within medical centers. Thus, the forecasts are not promising. In the first six months of 2022, the execution of the budget in public health and social assistance was 16 times less than the investment, for example, in business services, real estate and rental activities (construction of infrastructure for tourism), according to data<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0from the National Office of Statistics and Information (ONEI).<\/p>\n

The execution of the budget allocated to public health and social assistance so far this year is equivalent to less than 2% of the country\u2019s total investments.<\/p>\n

In this way, in addition to the lack of personnel to control health procedures in accordance with those established, there is a lack of resources and money to improve infrastructure and facilitate compliance with protocols. Unfortunately, these are not the only shortcomings faced by MIHP.<\/p>\n

According to a report<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by the newspaper Invasor<\/em>, from the province of Ciego de \u00c1vila \u2014 the territory with the highest mortality rate at the end of 2021 \u2014, the causes range from the Family Doctor and Nurse\u2019s Office, where sometimes pregnant women do not receive timely follow-up, to the maternity homes and the delivery and cesarean section rooms.<\/p>\n

Dr. Luis Carmenate Mart\u00ednez, a MIHP official and head of the Provincial Group of Gynecology and Obstetrics in said province, openly declared this to Invasor<\/em>: \u201cprenatal care, the evaluation of risks in pregnant women and the application of protocols has failed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Basically, according to the specialist, because in the healthcare areas there is a lack of \u201cprofessionals in key positions,\u201d there is a lack of \u201cpediatricians in the Basic Work Groups\u201d (BWG).<\/p>\n

The BWGs are secondary healthcare teams made up of pediatricians, obstetricians, clinicians, psychologists and supervising nurses who must visit the offices at least once a month to consult and confirm or not the diagnoses of the family doctor on certain cases. In this sense, the BWGs perform vital work. But, when there is a lack of specialists at any of the levels of health care, \u201cthe rest begin to suffer,\u201d as Dr. Carmenate Mart\u00ednez defined it.<\/p>\n

In the words<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0of specialist doctor in Gerontology and Geriatrics Jes\u00fas Men\u00e9ndez in the debate space \u00daltimo Jueves of the magazine Temas<\/em>: \u201cthe health system is a reflection of the country\u2019s situation.\u201d And Cuba is going through a crisis that began before the pandemic. Since then, the health system has faced, among other problems, according to Men\u00e9ndez, \u201cthe economic one and the migration of personnel.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hospitals outside, society inside<\/h4>\n

Outside health institutions, other no less important factors have a negative impact on the infant mortality parameter.<\/p>\n

As Dr. Francisco Fornaris Jim\u00e9nez, first degree specialist in Pediatrics and head of the Provincial Department of MIHP in the province of Granma, acknowledged<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0to the newspaper Demajagua<\/em>, \u201cthe [high] rate of low weight at birth has been hitting us for 15 years\u2026and the factors are multiple: social problems, the teenage pregnancy rate.\u201d<\/p>\n

Granma has been, in the last five years, the province of the country with the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, with 23.1% at the end of 2021, above the national average of 18%. But it is not the only one. Other provinces such as Camag\u00fcey, Las Tunas, and Holgu\u00edn also exceed the national average, which is already high.<\/p>\n

Risks such as low weight at birth and premature births are associated with teenage pregnancy on the island, and have been identified<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by the Cuban minister of health as among the main \u201ccauses of infant deaths.\u201d<\/p>\n

Teenage pregnancy in Cuban society has among its causes the early start of sexual relations and an insufficient comprehensive education of sexuality. It is also directly related to the concrete socioeconomic environment.<\/p>\n

According to studies<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by Dr.C. Reina Fleites, professor at the Department of Sociology at the University of Havana, on the island early motherhood occurs more among mixed-race and black teenage girls, living in rural environments, unrelated to study and work, and in low-income households and in precarious conditions.<\/p>\n

To aggravate these variables in the general scenario, since 2018 the lack of availability of contraceptive methods in the pharmacy network throughout the country has been added.<\/p>\n

In essence, it is an inescapable fact that socioeconomic conditions affect the behavior of the infant mortality rate; not only because they can condition the occurrence of unintended pregnancies \u2014 whether early or not \u2014, but also because they influence the quality of pregnancy. For this reason, mothers with lower income per capita, and those with poor housing conditions, are recognized as more worrying, said<\/strong><\/a> Dr. Mar\u00eda Teresa Mach\u00edn L\u00f3pez-Portilla, head of MIHP in Pinar del R\u00edo, to the newspaper Guerrillero<\/em>.<\/p>\n

In Cuba, the successful confrontation of so many unfavorable variables requires an intersectoral work that today is recognized as non-existent and that is vital. If work in the community is not coordinated with primary and secondary health care, lowering the figures will take longer than it should. More time and, unfortunately, also more lives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The socioeconomic conditions are coupled with the behavior of the infant mortality rate on the island.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12345738,"featured_media":260212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[8863,18550],"ppma_author":[34524],"class_list":["post-260210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-cuban-society","tag-infant-mortality-in-cuba"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCuba returns to an infant mortality of the last century | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The socioeconomic conditions are coupled with the behavior of the infant mortality rate on the island.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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