
{"id":264608,"date":"2023-02-05T15:43:37","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T20:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=264608"},"modified":"2023-02-05T15:43:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-05T20:43:37","slug":"arturo-arango-the-great-issue-in-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/arturo-arango-the-great-issue-in-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"Arturo Arango: \u201cThe great issue in Cuba continues to be material survival\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dialogue that follows is a continuation of another that Arturo Arango and I held, on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/opinion\/columnas\/de-otro-costal\/sin-democracia-el-socialismo-no-es-viable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>these same pages<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in 2020. As I see it as one of the most lucid members of my generation, our meetings, increasingly sporadic for various reasons, become intense exchanges.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than updating ourselves on the respective personal issues, our talks are directed at contrasting each other\u2019s opinions on \u201cthe state of the Union,\u201d an expression taken with smiling irony from the American political ecosystem, and which in this case refers to \u201cthe thing\u201d; that of which we all speak, and that is nothing more than the future in the sore Cuban archipelago, beaten by winds from many cardinal points, sometimes conflicting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arturo (Manzanillo, 1955) is a film narrator, editor, critic and screenwriter. Up to now he has published the novels <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una lecci\u00f3n de anatom\u00eda<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(1998),\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El libro de la realidad<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2001),\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muerte de nadie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2004) and\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No me preguntes cu\u00e1ndo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2018). He is also the author of several books on literary criticism and short stories. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lista de espera<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2001),\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aunque est\u00e9s lejos<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2003),\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El cuerno de la abundancia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2008), and\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perejil<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(2022), among others, are films in which he has participated as a screenwriter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For twenty-seven years he was deputy editorial director of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Gaceta de Cuba<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a position he declined in 2022. He has served as head of the Script Department at the San Antonio de los Ba\u00f1os International Film and Television School, and, more recently, as director of the master\u2019s degree in Audiovisual Creative Writing.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Perejil-film-fotograma.jpg\" alt=\"Still from \u201cPerejil\u201d (2022).\" width=\"1250\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Still from \u201cPerejil\u201d (2022).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b><i>On August 28, 2020, you gave me <\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/opinion\/columnas\/de-otro-costal\/sin-democracia-el-socialismo-no-es-viable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>an interview for <\/i><\/b><b>OnCuba<\/b><\/a><b><i>. Those were the terrible days of the pandemic, the same ones that, it seems, refuse to pass at all. From there to here, a lot of water has gone under the bridge, if not enough, at least with great intensity: N27 (2020), J11 (2021), Reorganization Task (2021), approval of the Family Code and the Penal Code (2022)&#8230;. How have you lived this time? What is your reading of these intense years?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I have remained, as I think it is inevitable, attentive to events, trying to understand them, to read them not only in the present but also towards the future. In the early 1990s, I heard Roberto Fern\u00e1ndez Retamar say many times that humanity had reached a point where it was necessary, once again, to try to interpret reality before attempting to transform it. Thus, he modified, rearranged, a well-known quote from Marx.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are, once again, in circumstances of crisis, in which everything overflows, manifests itself in excess. Each of the events you list would be worth a multi-page response; but the summary is that we are in crisis, a prolonged crisis, of an economic nature but also an ideological and ethical one. The latter is the most serious.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>On that occasion I asked you what were, in your opinion, the issues that the population debates the most, and if these have had sufficient reflection (quantitative and qualitative) in the official media. What do you think now?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The great issue continues to be material survival, the day to day. The queues and what emerges from them has multiplied. There is endless talk about prices, about money that is not enough, that it vanishes, and now, in addition, about emigration. Everywhere you get the news of someone who left, who will leave, who walks through the jungles of Central America or is in a detention center in California.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of these issues are reflected in the official press, but between what people say (and think) and what the media usually say, there is an abyss. The commotion caused by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8ZURXcc715Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>lucid words of Professor Fabio Hern\u00e1ndez Batista<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the Mesa Redonda TV program a few days ago is not by chance. It was totally unusual to hear, in that space, arguments that are much closer to what is really happening in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>The novelty was the place where he said it. It is an easily verifiable fact that pride in being Cuban deteriorates day by day.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rhetoric, from which the official media seem unwilling to free itself, always means the paralysis of thought. Phrases are repeated when you don\u2019t have anything of your own, personal, authentic to say. This extends to the speeches of the majority of Party and government leaders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>It would be necessary to reverse the terms of the equation: first those phrases are in the speeches and then they are reflected in the State media.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Another issue. I have the perception that rarely, as now, have there been so many valuable minds thinking about the country. Politicians, social scientists, academics, communicators, artists&#8230;. Perhaps my impression is due to the possibility that social networks offer to express different positions in the debate on issues of tactical and strategic priority for the nation. Can you distinguish within that motley panorama dominant opinion matrices? What is missing for the result of the most important debates to have a real weight in government decisions?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are, in my opinion, several opinion matrices, some that I place on the left in the political spectrum, others on the right, and some more towards the center, inclined to one side or the other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are, of course, the extremists on both sides. On the one hand, those who \u201cdefend\u201d the Revolution from positions close to or identical to what was called Stalinism (and which we misunderstand if we limit it to Stalin). On the other, those who wanted to wipe out everything that had to do with the Revolution, erase these sixty-four years and continue as if we were in December 1958. I hope that neither of the two alternatives is viable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the center there are many diverse trends. I am especially interested in what those who believe that a truly democratic socialism is possible, or a model of society, regardless of the label, that prioritizes social justice, equality and humanism. A utopia? Yes. But staying anchored in models that seem more feasible, or that have already been imposed and have demonstrated their ineffectiveness, even their \u201cinhuman condition,\u201d seems worse to me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Given the emergence of a small-scale private sector (around 6,000 MSMEs) that accounts for about 40% of employment, what expectations do you have about what it could mean in Cuban social dynamics? As some claim, are we on the verge of a \u201ccapitalist restoration\u201d?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, we are in a slow and anguishing process of building capitalism. In a novel that I have finished, still unpublished, a character assures that the Revolution ended when money began to matter again. I wouldn\u2019t totally agree with the character, but progressively reality is giving him the reason.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortly before I began to answer your questionnaire, the news circulated that Russia announced the creation of a reform program for the Cuban economy. It is said that it will prepare economic transformations based on private enterprise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The matter is more serious. In 2019 the Cuban people voted and approved a Constitution that establishes that socialism is immovable. But the word socialism has always designated various models, some very different from each other. Was it debated before the vote which socialism we wanted, as a majority? Can a small country that has not managed to get out of underdevelopment, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/misiones.cubaminrex.cu\/es\/articulo\/conozca-las-243-sanciones-de-trump-contra-cuba-adicionales-al-asfixiante-bloqueo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>isolated<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/financial-sanctions\/sanctions-programs-and-country-information\/cuba-sanctions\"><b>blockaded<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with discontinuous political alliances with other nations, sustain a socialist model, and that it be \u201cprosperous and sustainable\u201d? The harsh and pure reality is showing that it can\u2019t. It is now a matter of survival.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, shouldn\u2019t we be asked at this minute what kind of capitalism we would like? A state capitalism \u00e0 la China? A capitalism based on the corruption of the oligarchs, like in Russia?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, these questions end in a crucial question: Who is conceptualizing and deciding what kind of capitalism should be \u201cbuilt\u201d in Cuba? Is there a conceptualization or is everything determined by emergencies?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>The growing aging of the population, the massive exodus of women and men of reproductive age, do not seem like temporary circumstances. How could the demographics of the country change? Would Cuba become, in the distant future, a recipient of emigrants, something that happened in the Republican era?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the distant future, it could be. In the next few years, I don\u2019t think so. Who would want to come and live in Cuba today? What conditions, what privileges should be offered to these possible emigrants? The Central Americans and Cubans who cross Mexico do not want to stay there: their goal is the United States. Haitians who disembark on the coasts of Cuba do so dragged by sea currents or by mistake; not because this is the chosen destination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>An old theme is being heard again: the role of intellectuals in society. Is this debate particularly important in today\u2019s Cuba?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absolutely, always, in any of the circumstances, and even more so in the whirlwind of a crisis. The problem is that only very rarely are these debates heard by those who have to make decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/arturo-arango-senel-paz-vladimir-cruz-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right, Vladimir Cruz, Arturo Arango and Senel Paz. Photo: Facebook profile of the interviewee.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right, Vladimir Cruz, Arturo Arango and Senel Paz. Photo: Facebook profile of the interviewee.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b><i>How do you imagine Cuba in five years?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I could answer you with a short story that I finished a few weeks ago, and that I titled with a phrase that my great-aunts used to say when they were trapped in a blind alley: \u201cAnd now, what are we going to do?\u201d But I am not going to make the mistake of synthesizing its plot here, let alone copying it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The image I have of that future is bleak, very dark, as you may have realized from my previous answers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>How about your life? Are there new books published, projects in the making?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the fact that I endlessly complain about \u201clife,\u201d my life is not bad. I continue working with my friends from Viceversa writing screenplays for movies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perejil<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, by the Dominican Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Cabral, which we co-wrote with him, was screened at the Havana Festival, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tigre<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(provisional title) is in post-production, which we also imagined with that young and talented director.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And I write, always. I accumulate novels (I have three unpublished ones) and short stories that will soon form a new volume.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But in your question you mean published books. The heartbreaking thing is that publishing a book here today is an absolute miracle. It seems that a printed number of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Gaceta de Cuba<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will finally be able to be presented at the Book Fair that will begin in a few days. The extraordinary thing, for the worse, is that it must have been the one corresponding to July-August 2019! Almost four years. Right now I am a jury for the Critics\u2019 Choice Award, and we are evaluating copyrighted books from 2018 onwards, but they left the factories much later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If I were faced with the dilemma of deciding whether to buy paper or insulin, I would not hesitate for a second. Insulin is essential to prolong the life of diabetics. But is that always the dilemma? What priority does the import of paper have, or not? I also know that paper has become significantly more expensive all over the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I am also concerned that publishers are choosing more and more to make e-books. It is an alternative, but, in Cuba, how many people have adequate supports to read books of hundreds of pages? How to train readers without offering them \u201creally\u201d books?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If publishing books on paper is no longer a priority, culture is no longer \u201cthe first thing to save.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>You remembered Roberto Fern\u00e1ndez Retamar a moment ago. I really like a verse from his homonymous poem, which I leave here as a password until we meet again: \u201cBuena suerte viviendo\u201d (Good luck living).<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copied the password. I wish the same to you.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A conversation about \u201cthe thing,\u201d the future in the sore Cuban archipelago, beaten by winds from many cardinal points, sometimes conflicting.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3770,"featured_media":264610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902,13908],"tags":[34627],"ppma_author":[34037],"class_list":["post-264608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","category-society-cuba","tag-cuban-society-and-culturecuban-society"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arturo Arango: \u201cThe great issue in Cuba continues to be material survival\u201d | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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