
{"id":271963,"date":"2023-06-26T19:14:08","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T23:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=271963"},"modified":"2023-06-26T19:14:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T23:14:08","slug":"the-first-statue-of-columbus-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/the-first-statue-of-columbus-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"The first statue of Columbus in America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1rdenas, the City of Flags, in Matanzas, has among its firsts having the first statue of Admiral Christopher Columbus unveiled in Cuba and America in a public square.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea of this tribute was presented on October 9, 1858, in a request made by Mayor Jos\u00e9 Zabala to the Higher Government. Queen Elizabeth II gave the go-ahead to the project in early 1860; this was informed through an official letter dated March 30.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was the second attempt to create a similar monument in Cuba since in 1827 the Havana City Council wanted to erect one in the Alameda de Extramuros, but it only got to a project stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domingo Verdugo Massieu, husband of the Camag\u00fcey poetess Gertrudis G\u00f3mez de Avellaneda, had been Lieutenant Governor of the township of C\u00e1rdenas since 1860. When he was notified of the news, he immediately adopted the measures to build the work, financed mostly by popular subscription.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe arrangements began at Plaza Recreo de Isabel II (formerly called Plaza de Fernando VII and later of Quintayros) where the monument was to be located. The task of decoration with the railings, benches, and floor of the Plaza de Recreo was assigned to the builder and master builder Don Pedro Rosell\u00f3. He was also responsible for working with the pedestal and the placement of the statue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIn Madrid, the gentlemen of the Academy of History, Mr. Marqu\u00e9s de Morante and Mr. Raimundo Miguel Cabesa were commissioned to arrange the artistic part of the monument. Mr. Antonio Ola\u00f1eta was appointed to attend to everything related to the material part and its execution. The statue had a total cost of 8,000 pesos, covered by the public subscription and also with government funds,\u201d according to information collected by Pedro Luis Hern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvarez in the multimedia \u201cC\u00e1rdenas, Ciudad de Primicias.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_271967\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-271967\" style=\"width: 877px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-271967\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"877\" height=\"1050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1.jpeg 877w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1-251x300.jpeg 251w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1-855x1024.jpeg 855w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1-768x919.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Escultor-Jose-Piquer-retrato-realizado-por-Vicente-Lopez-Portana-1-750x898.jpeg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-271967\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sculptor Jos\u00e9 Piquer, portrait by Vicente L\u00f3pez Porta\u00f1a. Photo: www.academiacollecciones.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Execution of the work<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The famous plastic artist Jos\u00e9 Piquer y Duart (1806-1871), resident in Madrid, \u201cFirst Chamber Sculptor\u201d of the Spanish crown and meritorious academician, would make the eight-foot effigy modeled in plaster and cast in bronze in Marseille, France, by M. Morell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The transportation house of Raibaud e Hijos, in July 1862 began its transfer to Cuba on the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Canarias<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> steamer and on September 13 the coastal schooner <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rayo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, property of Lucas Muro, took the sculpture from Havana to the port of Cardenas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The historian Alejandro Portell Vil\u00e1 tells us about its characteristics:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOn the front of the pedestal, which the statue overwhelms, since the other stone piece of the base that is missing for proportionality was lost on the trip from Europe, there is a bronze bas-relief that signifies the triumph of Faith in the female Eucharistic figure close-up on Hell conquered by the great enterprise of Columbus. The Grand Admiral\u2019s ships can be seen with their sails furled off the American land that features exotic plants and animals. A thirteen-rayed sun stands immediately behind the female figure.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ecured<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides us with more information: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe cast iron railing, in a tasteful imitation of halberds, which was to surround the statue, was made in New York and shipped on the brig <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petsy Armes<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that could not reach C\u00e1rdenas as it was captured by the Confederates of the South of the United States, losing its cargo with it. Ordered to build again, its cost amounted to $821.97. The granite pedestal was built in Boston at a cost of $2,000.00.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_271966\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-271966\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-271966\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1-759x1024.jpg 759w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1-768x1037.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Gertrudis-Gomez-de-avellaneda-1-750x1013.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-271966\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gertrudis G\u00f3mez de Avellaneda (1857), by Federico Madrazo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Inauguration<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governor Domingo Verdugo, of Canarian origin, who had been a parliamentary deputy, a cavalry colonel and a former assistant to the King\u2019s orders, put all his efforts so that the unveiling of the statue occurred in a solemn ceremony and that at the same time, it would be a motive for a popular festival. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Morales, Municipal Mayor of C\u00e1rdenas, worked tirelessly during those days.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To raise funds that would help finance the maintenance of the new hospital built in the city, named Santa Isabel, a fair was held on December 25, 1862, and the following day the monument was unveiled. A witness to the events, the physician, poet, and publicist Ram\u00f3n Zambrana, recalled what happened:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cEveryone knows the published program, with due anticipation, of the great parties that C\u00e1rdenas was going to celebrate, and everyone knows that thousands of invitation ballots were distributed throughout the island and outside of it: well, when the first day dawned of those indicated, on December 25, the turnout was extraordinary: there was not a house in C\u00e1rdenas that did not have some or many guests in accommodation, apart from those who filled the hotels.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Captain General of the island appointed Joaqu\u00edn Guti\u00e9rrez de Rubalcaba, Commander General of the Navy, to represent him at the event, which was also attended by the Oidor D. Francisco Campos, vice rector of the University of Havana, among other administrative personalities and the field of culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cSince the early hours of the 26th, it was already understood that it was the one designated for the celebration of the grandiose ceremony, that the magnificent statue of Columbus was to be uncovered in full view of the people: it did not seem that after two in the morning those who made up the extraordinary gathering of the Bazaar would have withdrawn to their homes: the streets were full of people who moved in all directions, heading particularly to the beautiful Plaza de Recreo, where still veiled, and surrounded by arches, flags and flowers, the statue stood, waiting for the end of the solemn mass that in the church, whose door was seen twenty steps away, was already being celebrated at eight o\u2019clock, being His Excellency the Honorable Mr. Diocesan Bishop who officiated in it as Pontifical: in the temple were all the notable people who from Havana and other towns on the island had come to highlight the great event.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the parish priest D. Salvador Negro gave a speech in the Church about the life and work of Christopher Columbus, everyone went to the Plaza, where the sculpture was uncovered; the Governor pronounced the closing words of the great event. The poets did not miss the event: Francisco Mu\u00f1oz de Rubalcava and Ram\u00f3n Zambrana read their verses inspired by the Admiral and a choir sang the hymn created for the occasion by Gertrudis G\u00f3mez de Avellaneda:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scatter flowers,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cuban nymphs,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and may the martial song<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reach the heavens,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that already the effigy\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Admiral<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has stepped triumphantly<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on his Pedestal\u2026.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then about a thousand men belonging to the Naples regiment, and corps of engineers, navy, and cavalry volunteers filed before the crowd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At night the celebration continued with a banquet and dances in the Filarm\u00f3nica and Casino halls. General Joaqu\u00edn Guti\u00e9rrez de Rubalcaba, during one of the many toasts of the revelry, raised his glass to express these words that sealed the homage to Columbus:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cRepresenting in this solemnity the worthy Mr. Captain General of the Island of Cuba, at his request, I, a sailor, attend with the deepest emotion the festivities with which, for the first time in Spanish dominions, the most illustrious of the sailors is being honored, raising in this township a monument worthy of his renown. Glory to the Admiral! Honor to the C\u00e1rdenas authorities! Honor to its inhabitants all!\u201d [sic]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alejandro Portell Vil\u00e1: \u201cEstatua de Col\u00f3n,\u201d press clipping provided by the researcher Ernesto \u00c1lvarez Blanco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rodrigo Guti\u00e9rrez Vi\u00f1uales: \u201cUn siglo de escultura en Iberoam\u00e9rica (1840-1940),\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pintura, escultura y fotograf\u00eda en Iberoam\u00e9rica, siglos XIX y XX. Madrid<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, C\u00e1tedra publishers, 1997, pp. 89-151. ISBN: 84-376-1579-8.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedro Luis Hern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvarez in the multimedia \u201cC\u00e1rdenas, Ciudad de Primicias,\u201d Ecured.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reyes Utrera G\u00f3mez: Homenaje a Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n en el V centenario de su muerte: Fotograf\u00edas para el recuerdo de una figura hist\u00f3rica, en el Archivo General de Palacio,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reales Sitios: Revista del Patrimonio Nacional<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ISSN 0486-0993, No. 172, 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1863\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Zambrana: \u201cLas grandes fiestas celebradas en C\u00e1rdenas con motivo de la inauguraci\u00f3n de la estatua de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n y del hospital de caridad,\u201d La Cubana Printing House, Havana, 1863.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Queen Elizabeth II gave the go-ahead to the project in early 1860.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12345875,"featured_media":271965,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[22988],"ppma_author":[34654],"class_list":["post-271963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-cuban-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The first statue of Columbus in America | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Queen Elizabeth II gave the go-ahead to the project in early 1860.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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