
{"id":291219,"date":"2023-11-05T11:07:47","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T16:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=291219"},"modified":"2023-11-05T12:41:20","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T17:41:20","slug":"political-will-nature-and-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/political-will-nature-and-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Political will, nature and agriculture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, if I had<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">just a mocking<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spider in my pantry,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I would be ashamed.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What else?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silvio Rodr\u00edguez<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back in the 1980s, my cousin Dar\u00edo, a small farmer from the Cuenca Sur, in Quivic\u00e1n, where the land produces what you ask for according to another farmer from there, told me that he didn\u2019t understand how the political cadres in the area asked him to plant cane when the land still did not have the necessary humidity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He, following \u201cdirections\u201d and after much \u201cdiscussion,\u201d sowed, with which the higher levels could be \u201cinformed\u201d that the sowing goal had been met, although later the germination was barely 60%, with which the yield per hectare collapsed until it was very far from the yields that the farm achieved in other times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was always \u2014 and still exists \u2014 the resource of blaming the drought or the cyclones, or both at the same time, to explain the poor results. By the way, this year 2023 in Cuba we have not had a drought, at least not of rainwater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Getting nature to listen to political will seems like an impossible task.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A good friend, a \u201cshore\u201d fisherman since his childhood, told me one day: \u201cJuan, the sea in the long run recovers what is taken from it.\u201d I have never found a better phrase to illustrate the resilience of nature in the face of human stubbornness. Sometimes, and in our specific case, political will becomes the highest expression of that stubbornness of the human being to ignore the objective laws of nature, the economy and society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One day I discovered that in Cuba you can harvest wheat. I found out from a baker-farmer. In fact, wheat was harvested in a distant time, back in the 17th or 18th century, I believe. Today we have seeds adapted to our conditions, some obtained a long time ago, in the 1930s and 1940s, at the agronomic experimental station of Santiago de las Vegas (current Institute of Fundamental Research of Tropical Agriculture). These seeds achieve yields of about 4 tons per hectare, with zero fertilizer and not all the water it needs. You just need to prepare the land well, sow it in due time and give it the necessary attention to weed it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are concrete experiences in Cuba, some good and others unsuccessful, because the \u201cpolitical will\u201d decided to sow at the wrong time and in poorly prepared land. It is true that the yields are not comparable to transgenic seeds; it is true that there is no \u201cforeign assistance\u201d; it is also true that there would be no need to travel to another country to acquire that experience, because if extensionism were practiced properly everything would remain at home.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was another time when producing biotech products seemed like a pipe dream. However, this time the \u201cpolitical will\u201d worked and facilitated the impossible: producing our own COVID-19 vaccines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It happens with corn, of which in those years hybrid varieties were achieved at that Experimental Station with yields of between 4-5 tons per hectare, and it was so successful that a U.S. institution stripped us of the patent. Compared to the yields of just one ton per hectare announced at \u2014 what shall we call it? \u2014<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/gobierno-cubano-sin-financiamiento-para-garantizar-produccion-de-alimentos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Mesa Redonda (Roundtable) TV program last week<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they leave little to say.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What the data show is an accelerated deterioration of the sector, consistent with the \u201crevelations\u201d made at the Mesa Redonda. What the data add is that this deterioration is not only concentrated in these last three years, but that it is a kind of silent disease, poorly diagnosed and poorly medicated, which has brought us to this point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Dynamics of GDP and agricultural value added<\/em><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 726px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/valor-agregado-agropecuario.png\" alt=\"Source: Garc\u00eda A. and Anaya B. \u201cPol\u00edticas en pos de la seguridad alimentaria en Cuba, 1989-2022.\u201d CEEC.\" width=\"726\" height=\"461\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Garc\u00eda A. and Anaya B. \u201cPol\u00edticas en pos de la seguridad alimentaria en Cuba, 1989-2022.\u201d CEEC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This behavior of agricultural value added is perfectly consistent with the low investment in the sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inversion-como-parte-del-pib.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is true, as my friend says, that the land produces what you ask of it. But the land also asks of you. It is also true that the investment rate as a proportion of GDP is extremely low for our growth needs. But those low levels of investment in agriculture are costly in the long run. They cost in yields, in productivity, in products and in supply; they cost more imports and, above all, fewer farmers working the land.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing that we are a blocked country, that we are an archipelago, that our security and food sovereignty are strategic, it is difficult to understand why, if we do not have the necessary resources, this sector remains so closed to foreign investment and national private investment. How is it possible that there is an \u201corientation\u201d that determines not to give land to SMEs, the same ones that are asked to produce? Where did the political will go?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should be said again that not everything has been a lack of resources to invest. If the participation of the sectors in the total investment is examined, it can be seen that a great deal of the resources that have been invested were not to promote food production and thus confront Trump\u2019s siege; they were not for ensuring that food sovereignty that we have heard so much about.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How is it possible that having declared the agricultural sector a strategic sector, after having ratified it in the two updates of the strategy made under the impact of that terrible combination of the Trump administration\u2019s measures and the pandemic, still in 2022 the participation of agriculture in investment is less than that of 2021 and less than half of what it was in 2020?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inversion.png\" alt=\"Agric. Real Estate Sec.\" width=\"771\" height=\"473\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How is it possible that agriculture\u2019s participation in investment is more than ten times less than investment in the real estate sector? Today we have few tourists for so many rooms and very little food for those few tourists. We also have many lines that have lasted too long.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But we have not gotten this far without trying to reverse some of these situations. Before the much-discussed 63 measures to stimulate agricultural production and the approval of the Sovereignty Law, in the second decade of this century, more than 20 measures had been taken with the same purpose, without the results that were expected from them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It would be good to ask how it is possible that the sector that has received the most measures (let\u2019s not forget the 91 in the sugarcane industry) has not been able to take off. Could it be that the causes have not been adequately identified?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And why not come to that Mesa Redonda with a concrete program, with identified drivers and with coherent incentives with the purpose of producing and taking advantage of our agriculture? For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Give land effectively to those who work it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apply gradual sanctions to those who do not use it properly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce the bureaucratic apparatus of the Ministry of Agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resize the state business system in the agricultural sector, both in the number of enterprises as well as its bureaucratic apparatus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create an Agricultural Development Bank, with the participation of state, private and national cooperative capital and foreign capital.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open the sector to national, cooperative and foreign private capital with tax, tariff and credit incentives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expeditiously approve usufructs for individuals, cooperatives and SMEs, in addition to credit, tax and tariff incentives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expeditiously approve second-degree cooperatives in this sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create Special Agricultural Development Zones, with the same incentives that enterprises based in Mariel enjoy today.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote and put out to tender public-private alliances for the development of circular economy projects, short supply chains, marketing of agricultural products and production of goods and inputs for the agricultural sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subordinate agricultural delegations to municipal governments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Without a doubt, very clear \u201crules of the game\u201d would be needed, which generate confidence and help forget unpleasant experiences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maybe not so many measures are necessary, but we have to get going and pull out the weeds once and for all and for this we need the \u201cpolitical will,\u201d the one that understands nature, human beings and society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I had mixed feelings when I heard again the string of difficulties in the sector, of which they had given us a preview in the last session of the National Assembly. I felt shame, and not someone else\u2019s, but my own. I think that in particular I have not done enough to leave my grandchildren solutions to problems that one day, when I was not yet thinking about grandchildren, I believed would be solved when this moment came.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How is it possible that agriculture\u2019s participation in investment is more than ten times less than investment in the real estate sector?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3304,"featured_media":291222,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902,13903],"tags":[14996,14816,19256],"ppma_author":[33885],"class_list":["post-291219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","category-economy","tag-agriculture-in-cuba","tag-cuban-economy","tag-featured"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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