
{"id":294009,"date":"2024-01-01T18:22:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T23:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=294009"},"modified":"2024-01-01T18:22:51","modified_gmt":"2024-01-01T23:22:51","slug":"cuba-in-2023-the-year-that-could-not-be-and-the-year-that-was","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/cuba-in-2023-the-year-that-could-not-be-and-the-year-that-was\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba in 2023: the year that could not be and the year that was"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2023 was not the year that we Cubans wanted. Nor the one that, even being very realistic, we expected. The people\u2019s expectations and the authorities\u2019 plans ended up being, at least for the vast majority, far above reality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the dark times of the pandemic and its consequences in different aspects, unfortunate accidents and natural disasters, and the ineffective application of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/monetary-reorganization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Monetary Reorganization<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, this year promised a panorama with fewer dark clouds over our heads. At least, that\u2019s what many of us thought before it began.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But, although the epidemiological scenario confirmed the recovery of 2022 and the sociocultural life of the country was revived somewhat, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/cuban-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>economy<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0once again disappointed and we ended the year in the red. All of this had an impact not only on official reports and statistics but, above all, on people\u2019s pockets and tables, despite the sustained increase in new economic actors like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/msmes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>MSMEs<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Cuban 2023 was once again marked by the impact of United States sanctions and the stagnation of relations between Washington and Havana. Also by the migratory wave \u2014 although slower than the previous year, thanks to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba-usa\/humanitarian-parole-more-than-57000-cubans-authorized-to-enter-u-s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>humanitarian parole<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> program \u2014, and the search for new markets and trading partners as a way to alleviate the country\u2019s severe crisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fuel deficit \u2014 already common on the island \u2014 was once again one of the faces of the crisis, with endless queues at service stations and significant impacts on transportation, industry and electricity generation. Although blackouts were somewhat moderate in relation to 2022, there was no shortage of dark moments, especially in the interior of the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"YwLCQCrPNr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/fuel-crisis-in-cuba-the-long-wait\/\">Fuel crisis in Cuba: the long wait<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Fuel crisis in Cuba: the long wait&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/fuel-crisis-in-cuba-the-long-wait\/embed\/#?secret=uSqUebQHBW#?secret=YwLCQCrPNr\" data-secret=\"YwLCQCrPNr\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We also had a hurricane, Idalia, that affected western Cuba and especially <\/span>Pinar del R\u00edo<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where it left significant damage to the electrical infrastructure, homes and agriculture. And at various times of the year, there were episodes of intense rains and floods, both in Havana and in the eastern provinces, which left behind a trail of losses and caused <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/seis-personas-fallecidas-por-las-intensas-lluvias-en-cuba\/\"><b>the death of several people<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023 Cuba assumed the pro tempore presidency of the Group of 77 and China, an international organization that it represented in different global forums and of which it organized <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/califican-de-exitosa-la-cumbre-del-g77china-y-dan-a-conocer-la-declaracion-de-la-habana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>a summit<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> last September. In addition, the island once again received visits from world leaders and personalities, while the country\u2019s main authorities toured different countries and attended the sessions of the UN General Assembly in New York, where the U.S. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/con-187-votos-a-favor-la-onu-vuelve-a-respaldar-fin-del-embargo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>embargo\/blockade was once again condemned<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cultura\/la-cultura-cubana-en-2023-dentro-y-fuera-de-los-escenarios\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Cultural activity<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/cuban-sports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>sports<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> experienced an intense calendar, with lights and shadows that merit their own summaries, while Cuban science once again had biotechnological research among its protagonists \u2014 with clinical trials and publications on medications such as NeuroEpo, against Alzheimer\u2014, and had chapter of extraordinary relevance in the marine expedition to check Cuba\u2019s coasts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At a social level, the queues, the skyrocketing prices, the daily shortages and \u201csearches,\u201d and the massive use of the Internet and social media did not decrease, even with the ups and downs of connectivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, there was the collapse of buildings, traffic accidents, thefts and other criminal acts, including violent ones, such as the increasingly frequent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/femicide-in-cuba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>femicides<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which in 2023 exceeded 80, according to activists.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eztTnsSfJo\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/gender\/cuban-government-presents-observatory-on-gender-equality\/\">Cuban government presents Observatory on Gender Equality<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Cuban government presents Observatory on Gender Equality&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/gender\/cuban-government-presents-observatory-on-gender-equality\/embed\/#?secret=PZdl2QIo1j#?secret=eztTnsSfJo\" data-secret=\"eztTnsSfJo\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of this happened in Cuba in the last 12 months. From this vast and unflattering landscape, we highlight five themes that, in our opinion, marked the fate of the year that concluded on the island, waiting for a 2024 that looms with more uncertainties than certainties, although also with the hope of many Cubans that the dark clouds \u2014 finally \u2014 begin to dissipate above us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Economy in decline<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even with the disastrous impact of the pandemic, U.S. sanctions and the global economic crisis, together with the recognized inefficiencies and internal difficulties, the government had estimated an economic growth of 3% in 2023. On the other hand, according to what the sector minister announced before the National Assembly, the Cuban economy will end the year <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy-on-the-threshold-of-2024-crisis-challenges-and-opportunities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>in clear reverse<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with a contraction of between 1 and 2%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Practically nothing is saved when we take stock of what happened. Neither <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/agricultura-cubana-suspende-examen-parlamentario-con-calificacion-de-mal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>agriculture<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, nor other national productions, nor exports, nor the impact of investments, nor tourism, showed \u2015 exceptions aside \u2015 the expected behavior. The tourism sector in particular <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/tourism-in-cuba\/cuban-tourism-to-close-2023-far-from-expected-number-of-visitors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>did not achieve the desired takeoff<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and will remain, according to official calculations, just over one million below the 3.5 million planned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With such a cocktail of problems, \u201cimbalances\u201d and non-compliance, seasoned by the chronic lack of foreign currency that the country suffers, it is not surprising that the shortages worsened and the sustained increase in inflation, with the \u201caccumulated\u201d effects of the previous years. And neither that, given the ineffectiveness of previous strategies and measures, the government will <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy\/cuban-government-to-raise-fuel-prices-and-warns-it-will-subsidize-people-and-not-products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>tighten its grip<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in search of \u201cmacroeconomic stabilization\u201d in 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HSYMAWGbPy\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy\/juan-triana-cordovi-2024-is-going-to-be-really-tough\/\">Juan Triana Cordov\u00ed: \u201c2024 is going to be really tough\u201d<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Juan Triana Cordov\u00ed: \u201c2024 is going to be really tough\u201d&#8221; &#8212; OnCubaNews English\" src=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy\/juan-triana-cordovi-2024-is-going-to-be-really-tough\/embed\/#?secret=BoCniyBN2T#?secret=HSYMAWGbPy\" data-secret=\"HSYMAWGbPy\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>MSMEs in the crosshairs<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since their approval in 2021, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises have been on the rise in Cuba: both from a numerical point of view \u2015 there are already close to 10,000 \u2015 and due to their growing presence in the economic fabric and in the urban landscape of the country. However, almost since their emergence, MSMEs have been in the sights of many and have borne the blame that falls on them and those that do not fall on them as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although only a part of them \u2015 and not the majority \u2015 is dedicated to retail sales, many people, including authorities, hold them responsible for inflation and other socioeconomic imbalances, a debate that became more heated in 2023. Even so, this year they gave encouraging steps, such as an increase in their workforce, their imports and exports, and the meeting with U.S. businesspeople held <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/entrepreneurship-in-cuba\/cuban-private-entrepreneurs-in-miami-closing-the-circle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>in Miami<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right at the end of the year, and as part of the package announced by the government to correct \u201cdistortions,\u201d new measures arrived aimed at MSMEs and other non-state actors, which will keep them in the spotlight in 2024. Among them, new taxes, the creation of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/economia\/mipymes-cubanas-tendran-instituto-propio-subordinado-al-consejo-de-ministros\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>a government institute<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to see to them, tariff increases for those who import finished items and discounts for those who import raw materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bancarization arrived<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If for the Urgent Spanish Foundation <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/tendencias\/polarizacion-palabra-del-2023-segun-la-fundacion-del-espanol-urgente\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>\u201cpolarization\u201d is the word of 2023<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in Cuba that word could well be \u201cbancarization.\u201d For more than half a year, we Cubans barely heard it in the media, and it was not part of public debates or personal conversations either. However, all this changed in August with the publication of resolution 111 of the Central Bank.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The measure, defended tooth and nail by the authorities, sought to reduce the excess of money circulating outside the banking system and thus relieve the lifeless coffers of the island\u2019s bank branches. Furthermore, in line with the computerization promoted by the government, it also promoted payments and other electronic operations, while setting limits for cash operations, especially for economic actors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the announcement was received with skepticism and concern by many Cubans, due to its presumed impact on their pockets amid the country\u2019s deep crisis. Months later, the authorities themselves recognized that this process <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy\/bankarization-in-cuba-whats-heard-in-the-street\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>had not managed to reduce cash circulating<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> outside banks or <\/span>operational difficulties in branches<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/cuba\/a-partir-de-hoy-en-cuba-ningun-nuevo-establecimiento-podra-operar-sin-canal-de-pago-electronico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>electronic payments had not grown as expected either.\u00a0<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Russia to the charge<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a 2023 economic quagmire for Cuba, Russia entered the arena even more strongly than in previous years. With the war in Ukraine and the United States sanctions as a backdrop, Havana and Moscow reaffirmed their \u201cstrategic partnership\u201d in 2023, although the results of this alliance are not \u2014 at least not yet \u2014 the lifesaver for the Cuban economy that many imagined.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-level visits in both directions \u2015 including one by Prime Minister <\/span>Manuel Marrero to Russia<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and others by Foreign Minister <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/economy-business\/lavrov-our-strategic-partnership-with-cuba-is-solid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Sergu\u00e9i Lavrov<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the Vice President of the Government <\/span>Dimitri Chernishenko<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Cuba \u2015, the holding of a publicized <\/span>business forum<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Havana, the delivery of donations to the island, the development of joint projects, and the signing of various agreements during the year were part of an intense bilateral agenda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exchange also included the increase in flights and exports from Russia, the <\/span>increase in Russian tourism to Cuba<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2015 which until November reported an increase of 343.8% \u2015, the officialization of MIR cards on the island, the announcement of an <a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/russian-companies-to-enter-cuban-retail-market\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>upcoming RusMarket in Havana<\/strong><\/a>, and the signing of a trade and economic cooperation plan until 2030 as confirmation of the \u201cpriority direction\u201d of bilateral ties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Passport and dialogue with emigration<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond the incessant migratory flow out of the country and the political polarization of a part of the Cuban emigration, 2023 brought good news from the island for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/tag\/cubans-abroad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Cubans residing abroad<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One of them responded to old and repeated complaints from emigrants: the extension of the validity period of the <\/span>passport to ten years<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the elimination of the extension requirement and the reduction of its cost at consulates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This measure, in force since July, was accompanied by two others: equalizing the length of stay in Cuba for Cubans residing abroad and their foreign relatives (spouses and children), and the establishment, for those who emigrated before 1971, the requirement to present their Cuban passport to enter the country. In addition, the extension of uninterrupted stay abroad beyond 24 months remains in force.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the culmination of the year, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/nation-and-migration\/4th-the-nation-and-emigration-conference-a-space-to-debate-where-we-want-to-continue-moving-forward\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>4th The Nation and Emigration Conference<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was finally held in November, postponed due to the pandemic. The meeting, held in Havana, brought together more than 360 Cubans residing in 57 countries, who <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/economy\/cuban-economy\/diaz-canel-to-cuban-emigrants-we-invite-you-to-join-this-new-stage-of-cuba\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>held exchanges with the authorities<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about greater participation of emigrants in national life, as a necessary path to heal wounds and contribute as a whole to the development of the country.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OnCuba proposes a quick look at some of the main national events in a year that could not be as we Cubans wanted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3134,"featured_media":294012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13902],"tags":[8863,33476],"ppma_author":[33546],"class_list":["post-294009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuba","tag-cuban-society","tag-monetary-reogranization"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cuba in 2023: the year that could not be and the year that was | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OnCuba proposes a quick look at some of the main national events in a year that could not be as we Cubans wanted.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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