{"id":298770,"date":"2024-03-26T11:42:11","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T15:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/?p=298770"},"modified":"2024-03-26T12:40:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T16:40:13","slug":"cubans-disappeared-argentine-dictatorship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/society-cuba\/cuban-history\/cubans-disappeared-argentine-dictatorship\/","title":{"rendered":"Crescencio and Jes\u00fas, two Cubans disappeared by the Argentine dictatorship"},"content":{"rendered":"

A cold afternoon in Buenos Aires, that of August 9, 1976, was the scene. Although Crescencio and Jes\u00fas had arrived in Argentina a year ago, the Cubans had not yet gotten used to the southern winter. They bundled up as best they could and left the Cuban Embassy, located in a house on Virrey del Pino Street, Belgrano neighborhood, where they both worked as part of the diplomatic mission.<\/span><\/p>\n

It was the last time their comrades saw them. Four days later, the newspaper <\/span>La Opini\u00f3n<\/span><\/i> published: \u201cThe Cuban Embassy in Buenos Aires is working in close contact with the Argentine government in the search for two members of the representation, who are presumed to have been kidnapped.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cuban Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For four months Argentina had entered troubled waters. On March 24, 1976, a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat overthrew the three constitutional powers and established a civil-military dictatorship known as the National Reorganization Process.<\/span><\/p>\n

The new power implemented a systematic plan of state terrorism. The same Argentine government that claimed to collaborate in the search for the missing Cubans would leave, at the end of its eight years in command,\u00a0 the overwhelming balance of 30,000 missing, 500 appropriated babies, and an economically devastated nation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The call of Memory, Truth and Justice at the entrance of the Cuban Embassy in Buenos Aires. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A week after the disappearance of the Cuban officials, an anonymous envelope arrived at the Associated Press (AP) offices in the Argentine capital. It contained the diplomatic credentials of Crescencio and Jes\u00fas, along with a note that stated: \u201cWe, both Cubans, are writing to you to communicate that we have deserted the Embassy to enjoy the freedom of the Western world.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The following day, in a press release, the island\u2019s Foreign Ministry certified the authenticity of the credentials.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thirty-six years after the episode, in June 2012, also on a cold afternoon, some children were playing on the banks of the R\u00edo de la Plata, in the town of San Fernando, about 15 kilometers from the city of Buenos Aires. In the midst of their fun, they found a rusty metal tank containing human remains covered in cement.<\/span><\/p>\n

They alerted the police, who found two more containers. An intense and detailed search of the area began and, after several months, other skeletal remains were also discovered in rusty tanks.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF), together with specialists from the areas of Construction, Mechanics, Surface Processes and Chemistry of the National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI), began an exhaustive joint investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n

The tanks were examined, as well as the corrosion products and the earthy and cementitious material adhered to their surface. The tanks discovered between 2012 and 2013 were confirmed to be from a batch dumped into the San Fernando Canal in October 1976. Over time, some had been washed away from the bottom of the river to the shore.<\/span><\/p>\n

The expert reports on the skeletal remains managed to establish the identity of four missing persons murdered in 1976. Among them, the young Cuban diplomats.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Remembering Jes\u00fas Cejas (22 years old) and Crescencio Gala\u00f1ena (26 years old) at the Cuban Embassy in Buenos Aires. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 2012, it was officially determined which were Crescencio\u2019s remains; and in 2013, those of Jes\u00fas. It was also determined that they had been cruelly tortured before dying and thrown into the river in those cement tanks. At the time of their murder, Crescencio and Jes\u00fas were 26 and 23 years old, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n

Crescencio Gala\u00f1ena Hern\u00e1ndez was a native of Yaguajay; Jes\u00fas Cejas Arias, from Pinar del R\u00edo. Both were part of the custody of the Cuban Embassy in Argentina. It was their first foreign service assignment. They arrived after several threats made to Cuban diplomats in Argentina and an attack perpetrated on the then ambassador, Emilio Aragon\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Precisely, on that afternoon in 1976, the bodyguards were heading to Aragon\u00e9s\u2019 residence. Leaving the embassy, they walked just a few blocks to a bus stop, located near a large park known as <\/span>Barrancas de Belgrano<\/a>. Although it seemed like an ordinary day, the reality would be different.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The stop where they had to take the bus was near the park called Barrancas de Belgrano. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to eyewitnesses, a group of green Ford Falcon cars and a squad made up of dozens of army personnel appeared from all sides. Crescencio and Jes\u00fas tried to defend themselves, but were neutralized and kidnapped. It is known that they were transferred alive to a mechanical workshop converted into a clandestine detention and torture center, known as <\/span>Automotores Orletti<\/a>, located in the west of the city, in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Floresta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Fa\u00e7ade of Automotores Orletti, today a center dedicated to the memory of the victims of state terrorism. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
The mechanical workshop was converted into a clandestine detention and torture center that operated between May and November 1976. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This former automotive workshop, rented and conditioned by agents of the State Intelligence Secretariat (SIDE), was one of the execution venues for Operation Condor in Argentina, a criminal pact backed by the United States between this country, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay to coordinate illegal repression and the exchange of leftist political leaders and militants.<\/span><\/p>\n

Between May and November 1976 it functioned as a base for Tactical Operations 18 (OT 18), under the control of the SIDE in collaboration with the 601st Intelligence Battalion of the First Army Corps. Also called by the repressors as <\/span>El Jard\u00edn<\/span><\/i>, it was the clandestine prison for more than 200 people of Argentine, Bolivian, Chilean, Cuban, Paraguayan and Uruguayan citizenship. Most of these kidnapped people remain missing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Interior of Automotores Orletti, 2024. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Michael Townley, CIA agent and member of the National Intelligence Department (DINA) of Chile, an instrument of Augusto Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship, arrived in Argentina from the neighboring country expressly to interrogate and torture the Cubans. Guillermo Novo Sampol, another CIA agent of Cuban-American origin, who arrived from Miami, joined the macabre mission.<\/span><\/p>\n

This was stated in 2003, almost in passing, by retired Chilean general Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sep\u00falveda in the midst of an extensive interrogation carried out by Argentine federal judge Mar\u00eda Servini de Cubr\u00eda. The judge was investigating the attack in which the former commander-in-chief of the Chilean army and Salvador Allende\u2019s minister, Carlos Prats, and his wife Sof\u00eda Cuthbert, died in Buenos Aires in 1974.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Interior of Automotores Orletti, 2024. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Before this interrogation, Servini de Cubr\u00eda had held a secret meeting in Washington with Michael Townley, who was listed as a protected witness for the United States. In that meeting, the former U.S. agent admitted his participation as the material author of the attack against the Prats and pointed out Contreras Sep\u00falveda as one of the ringleaders.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Thanks to testimonies, it was learned that the two young Cubans were held hostage in this clandestine center before being murdered. Today their photos hang on the walls of the center dedicated to the memory of the victims of state terrorism. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A sinister character, Contreras Sep\u00falveda was director of the DINA and a source paid by the CIA between 1975 and 1977, according to <\/span>documents<\/span><\/a>\u00a0distributed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) itself in 2000. In these files, Contreras appears as the \u201ccreator\u201d of Operation Condor. He was sentenced to more than 200 years in prison in forty trials for human rights violations.<\/span><\/p>\n

For the kidnapping and disappearance of both Cubans, among others, the Argentine justice system convicted retired General Rodolfo Cabanillas, who served as head of the SIDE Division \u201cTactical Operations 18,\u201d which corresponded to Orletti. The repressors Ra\u00fal Guglielminetti, Eduardo Alfredo Ruffo and Honorio Carlos Mart\u00ednez Ru\u00edz were also sentenced. Neither Novo Sampol or Townley could be tried.<\/span><\/p>\n

After being identified in 2012 and 2013, the remains of the Cubans were repatriated to Cuba and buried by their relatives. Today they rest in their places of origin, Yaguajay and Pinar del R\u00edo.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Argentina, in the central hallway of the Cuban Embassy hangs a large poster with the faces of Crescencio and Jes\u00fas, along with their story. Outside the building, since 2023 and under the provision of the Argentine Human Rights Secretariat and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, another large sign has been put up that marks the place as a site related to events linked to state terrorism.<\/span><\/p>\n

A few blocks away, on the sidewalk where the young diplomats were kidnapped, a tile has been placed with their names and the dates of the brutal capture. This is an initiative of \u201cTiles for Memory,\u201d a project aimed at marking the urban space and reflecting the identities of the detainees who disappeared during the last dictatorship.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
The mark of the last place they were seen alive. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
From the public space, the tiles cultivate the collective memory around the horrors of the 1976-1983 dictatorship. Photo: Kaloian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Last March 24, National Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice, during the march in honor of the 30,000, disappeared from the last civil-military dictatorship in Argentina, the faces of Crescencio and Jes\u00fas were present among the hundreds of thousands of people who filled the streets of the city.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Among the 30,000 missing persons reported during 1976 and 1983, there are two Cubans; they were young members of the diplomatic representation in Argentina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3262,"featured_media":298772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13912],"tags":[19256,14962],"ppma_author":[33930],"class_list":["post-298770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuban-history","tag-featured","tag-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCrescencio and Jes\u00fas, two Cubans disappeared by the Argentine dictatorship | OnCubaNews English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Among the 30,000 missing persons reported during 1976 and 1983, there are two Cubans; they were members of the diplomatic representation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oncubanews.com\/en\/cuba\/society-cuba\/cuban-history\/cubans-disappeared-argentine-dictatorship\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crescencio and Jes\u00fas, two Cubans disappeared by the Argentine dictatorship | OnCubaNews English\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Among the 30,000 missing persons reported during 1976 and 1983, there are two Cubans; 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